My article aims to recover a neglected area of history and contribute to the study of minorities within larger political structures. I will focus on the daily life, communal organisation and leadership of the Jewish community, and the social status, occupation and cultural concerns of its members. The scope of my article is defined temporally and spatially. I will discuss epigraphic, literary and archaeological evidence, dated between the 4th and the 8th century, related to the geographical areas of the Balkans and the Aegean.