This study examines the background, causes and consequences of population movements, the significance and implications of displacement and refuge during World War I in Romania, as well as the socio-demographic factors related to the above-mentioned evolutions. The article investigates the dimension of individual and collective trauma associated with the experience of refuge, the connection between violence and aggression, on one hand, and displacement and refuge(associated with pauperization) on the other hand. The paper also undertakes the way Romanian authorities have dealt with the prolonged issue of refugees, mainly the social and humanitarian dimensions of it.