This article examines the participation of women in the Bucharest pogrom and the representation of their violent actions, in particular in relation to transitional justice. The Bucharest pogrom was one of the first very violent episodes of the Holocaust in Romania. It occurred during the so‑called legionary rebellion, a confrontation between General (later Marshall) Ion Antonescu and the Legionary Movement. In the immediate aftermath of the events, rumors started to circulate on the involvement of legionary women and their savage cruelty. Despite the
recurrence of this element in several accounts, the participation of women in the Bucharest pogrom has never been thoroughly investigated so far. After the introduction, the first section will analyze the interrelations between women, gender, and violence in the Legionary Movement before the pogrom. In the second section, I will present the case study of a couple who took part in an episode of the pogrom, through the prism of the legal proceedings undertaken against them. Their long legal history, and the analysis of the interactions among defendants, victims, and the courts, will allow us to follow the changing definitions and meanings of the categories of violence, perpetrator, and responsibility throughout the years.