Based on a short introduction to the different concepts of Europeanization as they are used in the scientific as well as in the popular discourse within the national contexts this paper focuses on the cultural identity program carried out by the European Union through its different programs and institutions. Taking into consideration some aspects of the construction of national identities in the 19th century the concept of the European Capitals of Culture (ECC) will be placed as the center of attention. A case study of Sibiu 2007 as one of the European Capital of Culture will lay the ground for some consideration on tradition, authenticity, (post)modernism and the general acquaintance with cultural heritage and tourism.